A conservatory is a building or room having glass or tarpaulin roofing and walls used as a greenhouse or a sunroom. If in a residence, it would typically be attached to the house on only one side. Conservatories originated in the 16th century when wealthy landowners sought to cultivate citrus fruits such as lemons and oranges that began to appear on their dinner tables brought by traders from warmer regions of the Mediterranean. Municipal conservatories became popular in the early 19th century.
Video Conservatory (greenhouse)
Description
Many cities, especially those in cold climates and with large European populations, have built municipal conservatories to display tropical plants and hold flower displays. This type of conservatory was popular in the early nineteenth century, and by the end of the century people were also giving them a social use (e.g., tea parties). Conservatory architecture varies from typical Victorian glasshouses to modern styles, such as geodesic domes. Many were large and impressive structures and are included in the list below.
In the UK the legal definition of a conservatory is a building that has at least 50% of its side wall area glazed and at least 75% of its roof glazed with translucent materials, either polycarbonate sheeting or glass. Today, the terms sunroom, solarium and conservatory are used interchangeably by the public, but in general the term conservatory and particularly English conservatory evoke the image of an ornate structure, echoing the traditions of that Victorian era of conservatory building.
These beautiful structures have been designed and built around the world, in private gardens, parks, and botanical institutions. Smaller garden conservatories have become popular, which may be dual-function, equally devoted to horticulture and recreation, or favor the latter, as a solarium or sunroom.
Maps Conservatory (greenhouse)
History
Preservation of citrus and other tender plants started out as crudely as building a pergola over potted plants or beds or simply moving potted plants indoors for the cold season. Known in Italy as limonaia, these early structures employed wood panels in storerooms or open galleries to protect from the cold.
Further north in Europe, the preservation of orange trees became the trend with special-purpose buildings built to protect the tasty, but delicate fruit. Orangeries, as they came to be called were typically enclosed structures built with wood, brick or stone with tall vertical windows on the south walls. Use of these rooms expanded socially and practically, being used to entertain and to host a wider variety of plants. The term greenhouse came to describe the rooms and conservatories for tender plants. In the 18th century a Dutch scientist pioneered the use of sloping glass to bring in more light for the plants than the tall, glass side walls of orangeries.
The 19th century was the golden age of conservatory building, primarily in England. English conservatories were the product of English love of gardening and new technology in glass and heating technology. Many of the magnificent public conservatories, built of iron and glass, are the result of this era. Kew Gardens in London is an example of a large greenhouse used for growing tender and rare plants, or, less often, for birds and rare animals - sometimes with the plants and animals living together.
The widespread construction of UK conservatories came to a halt with the onset of World War II. While the advent of insulated glass in the 1950s and 1960s saw the development of simple sunroom structures, it was not until the 1970s that creative architects and builders began to recreate the Victorian styling of 19th-century English conservatories in smaller domestic versions using insulated glass. In contemporary construction, a conservatory differs from an orangery in having more than 75% of its roof surface made from glass. A conservatory by definition must have more than 50% of its wall surface glazed. Contemporary conservatories use a number of technologies to ensure glass is as energy efficient as possible, ensuring it lets in the maximum light possible while maintaining a steady temperature throughout summer and winter. Technologies include argon-impregnated glass, heat reflective film, thermal ribbons or thermal breaks - hollow sections of glass that intercept heat.
Gallery
List of prominent conservatories
Australia
- Ballarat Botanical Gardens
- Bicentennial Conservatory at Adelaide's Botanic Gardens
- Fitzroy Gardens, Melbourne
Belgium
- Royal Greenhouses of Laeken
Canada
- Muttart Conservatory (Edmonton, Alberta)
- Bloedel Floral Conservatory (Vancouver, B.C.)
- Allan Gardens (Toronto, Ontario)
- Centennial Park Conservatory (Toronto, Ontario)
- Assiniboine Park Conservatory (Winnipeg, Manitoba)
China
- Beijing Botanical Garden (Beijing)
- Shanghai Botanical Garden (Shanghai)
- South China Botanical Garden (Qingyang, Guangzhou)
Denmark
- Copenhagen Botanical Gardens
Germany
- Botanical Gardens and Botanical Museum, Berlin
United Kingdom
England
- Kew Gardens (southwest London)
- Chatsworth House (Derbyshire)
- Eden Project (Cornwall)
- Syon House (west London)
- Barbican Conservatory (central London)
- Horton Residence (Tom's Yard)
- Anthaeum, Hove: built in 1830 with the world's largest dome, it collapsed on its opening day in 1833.
Northern Ireland
- Belfast Botanic Gardens
Scotland
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
- Kibble Palace
- The Tollcross Winter Gardens, Glasgow
South Africa
- Pearson Conservatory, Port Elizabeth
- The Botanical Society Conservatory, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town
United States
- Anna Scripps Whitcomb Conservatory (Detroit)
- Biosphere 2 (Oracle, Arizona)
- Birmingham Botanical Gardens (Birmingham, Alabama)
- Bolz Conservatory (Madison, Wisconsin)
- Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens (Buffalo, New York)
- Cecil B. Day Butterfly Center (Pine Mountain, Georgia)
- Climatron (St. Louis)
- Conservatory of Flowers (San Francisco)
- Desert Garden Conservatory (San Marino, California)
- Denver Botanic Gardens (Denver, Colorado)
- Enid Haupt Conservatory at New York Botanical Garden (New York)
- Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory (Fort Wayne)
- Fort Worth Botanic Garden (Fort Worth, Texas)
- Franklin Park Conservatory (Columbus, Ohio)
- Garfield Park Conservatory (Chicago)
- Garfield Park Conservatory and Sunken Gardens (Indianapolis)
- Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden (Des Moines)
- Lamberton Conservatory at Highland Park (Rochester, New York)
- Howard Peters Rawlings Conservatory and Botanic Gardens of Baltimore (Baltimore)
- Krohn Conservatory (Cincinnati)
- Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden Conservatory (Richmond, Virginia)
- Lincoln Park Conservatory (Chicago)
- Longwood Gardens (Kennett Square, Pennsylvania)
- Marjorie McNeely Conservatory (St. Paul)
- Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory (Milwaukee)
- Moody Gardens (Galveston)
- Myriad Botanical Gardens and Crystal Bridge Conservatory (Oklahoma City)
- Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens (Pittsburgh)
- Steinhardt Conservatory (Brooklyn)
- United States Botanic Garden (Washington, D.C.)
- Volunteer Park Conservatory (Seattle, Washington)
- W. W. Seymour Botanical Conservatory (Tacoma, Washington)
See also
- Roof lantern
- Tessellated roof
- Cluedo
References
- Antram, Nicholas; Morrice, Richard (2008). Brighton and Hove. Pevsner Architectural Guides. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12661-7.
- Orangeries Palaces of Glass-Their History and Development. 1994.
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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